Record Year for Golden Eagles in Sweden as 280 Pairs Successfully Nest in 2025

The 2025 national inventory of golden eagles in Sweden reveals a record-breaking year for the species. A total of 869 territories were surveyed, with 612 confirmed occupied and 280 pairs successfully nesting—the highest number recorded since the national inventory began, according to the Swedish Museum of Natural History and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. This successful breeding season produced 347 chicks, about 100 more than the previous year, reflecting a strong population surge.

Distribution continues to expand, especially in northern Sweden, where 85% of territories are found across the six northernmost counties. Norrbotten reported 74 successful nests, matching peaks seen in 2011. Västerbotten and Jämtland also recorded high nesting success. In southern Sweden, Gotland hosts the largest subpopulation, though concerns remain due to inbreeding and the recent disappearance of rabbits, a key prey species.

Annual population fluctuations largely depend on food availability, with golden eagles’ prey including small rodents, forest birds, ptarmigans, and hares. Cyclical variations in rodent populations directly affect breeding success, while extreme northern weather during nesting periods can cause failures.

The comprehensive inventory was conducted by County Administrative Boards and ornithological associations under the coordination of Golden Eagle Sweden, exemplifying citizen science collaboration. Data gathered supports sustainable management strategies, compensation frameworks for Sami reindeer herders affected by large predators, and informs forestry and wind farm planning to mitigate conflicts with golden eagle territories.