Dietary strategies and genetics play key roles in managing high cholesterol, says Swedish experts

Genetics play a significant role in cholesterol levels, with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) affecting about 1 in 200 to 300 people in Sweden. This hereditary condition can cause markedly elevated LDL cholesterol from an early age. Children of affected parents have a 50% chance of inheriting FH, making family screening important when a diagnosis is made. For those with very high cholesterol or cardiovascular risk, lifestyle changes alone may not be enough, and medications like statins—commonly prescribed to lower LDL cholesterol—are often required. While some experience side effects such as muscle pain or digestive issues, these can often be managed by consulting healthcare providers. Additionally, newer treatments like PCSK9 inhibitors are available for severe lipid disorders.

Dietary adjustments remain a vital part of managing cholesterol. Health experts recommend using heart-healthy oils such as olive or rapeseed oil instead of butter, increasing intake of fiber-rich foods, and limiting saturated fats. A Mediterranean-style diet, rich in olive oil, fish, and a colorful variety of vegetables, has further benefits for cardiovascular and brain health. Dietitian Frida Axberg highlights this diet’s potential to reduce dementia risk by promoting a 'rainbow' of fruits and vegetables, providing diverse nutrients essential for overall health.

Individuals with a family history of premature heart attacks or high cholesterol are urged to discuss possible testing with healthcare professionals, as blood tests can reveal hidden risks. These combined insights underscore the need for personalized approaches that address both genetic and dietary factors to effectively lower cholesterol and improve cardiovascular outcomes in Sweden.